For many skilled professionals on an H-1B visa, the ultimate goal is U.S. permanent residency — the coveted green card. However, the path to getting there isn’t one-size-fits-all. Two of the most common routes are PERM Labor Certification and EB2-NIW (National Interest Waiver). Both can lead to a green card, but they differ significantly in process, requirements, and flexibility.
In this article, we’ll break down each option, highlight the pros and cons, and help you determine which pathway might suit your career and immigration goals.
Understanding the Two Pathways
1. PERM Labor Certification
The PERM process requires your employer to obtain a labor certification from the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). This certification verifies that:
- There are no qualified U.S. workers available for your position.
- Hiring you will not adversely affect U.S. workers’ wages and working conditions.
Once the PERM is approved, your employer can file an I-140 Immigrant Petition on your behalf.
Key Features of PERM:
- Employer sponsorship is mandatory.
- Strict recruitment process to test the U.S. labor market.
- Dependent on employer’s commitment to support your green card.
2. EB2-NIW (National Interest Waiver)
The EB2-NIW route allows you to self-petition without an employer sponsor if you can prove that your work is in the “national interest” of the United States. This means you must demonstrate:
- Your work has substantial merit and national importance.
- You are well-positioned to advance your proposed endeavor.
- Waiving the job offer requirement benefits the U.S.
Key Features of EB2-NIW:
- No employer sponsorship required.
- Greater flexibility to change jobs, industries, or even start your own business.
- Focuses on your contributions and future potential rather than the job market test.
Pros and Cons of Each Route
| Criteria | PERM Labor Certification | EB2-NIW |
|---|---|---|
| Employer Sponsorship | Required | Not required |
| Job Flexibility | Tied to employer until GC approval | Flexible after filing |
| Processing Time | Can be longer due to recruitment process | Often faster if well-documented |
| Evidence Focus | Employer’s need for your role | Your achievements & national impact |
| Risk of RFE | Related to recruitment results & compliance | Related to evidence of national importance |
When to Choose PERM
- Your employer is supportive and willing to sponsor your green card.
- Your career path is stable, and you plan to stay with the same employer until green card approval.
- You do not have strong evidence to prove national importance under EB2-NIW.
When to Choose EB2-NIW
- You want to self-petition without relying on an employer.
- Your work impacts a national-level priority (STEM research, public health, infrastructure, etc.).
- You anticipate changing jobs, starting a business, or pursuing independent projects before green card approval.
Can You Pursue Both?
Yes. Some professionals file both PERM and EB2-NIW concurrently to increase their chances and speed up the process. This dual approach provides a safety net in case one pathway faces delays or RFEs (Requests for Evidence).
How Expert Opinion Letters Can Strengthen Either Path
Whether you choose PERM or EB2-NIW, a well-crafted expert opinion letter can be the difference between an approval and an RFE. These letters:
- Validate your qualifications and achievements.
- Provide third-party evidence of your contributions.
- Address USCIS criteria in language that officers recognize and respect.
Why Legal Professionals and Petitioners Trust Our Expertise
Our clients — from leading immigration attorneys to self-petitioners — choose us because we offer unmatched precision and credibility in the field. Here’s what sets us apart:
- Extensive Professional Network – Access to over 170 credentialed experts across STEM, business, healthcare, and social sciences.
- Fast, Tailored Turnaround – Customized letters delivered quickly without compromising quality.
- Mastery of USCIS Standards – We specialize in precise formatting, language, and evidentiary requirements that USCIS looks for.
- Proven Approval Outcomes – Consistent success in turning RFEs into green card approvals.
Whether you’re navigating the process with an attorney or filing on your own, we provide the specialized insight that moves petitions forward — faster and stronger.
Final Thoughts
Transitioning from an H-1B visa to a green card is a major milestone, and choosing the right pathway — PERM or EB2-NIW — depends on your career goals, evidence strength, and flexibility needs. Whichever route you choose, building a solid case with clear, well-documented evidence is key to success.
If you’re ready to take the next step, our team of credentialed experts is here to prepare the persuasive documentation USCIS wants to see.
